What is Solar Power?
Photovoltaic (PV) panels convert sunlight into electricity, then wires conduct the electricity to the batteries where it is stored. Between the panels and the battery, the current passes through a regulator which will shut off the flow when the batteries are fully charged.
Some appliances can work directly from the battery. These appliances work with direct current (DC) e.g. radios, black & white TV's, energy efficient lamps. Most appliances found in the home work on alternating current (AC) supplied by Eskom. In a PV system an inverter is used between the battery and appliances to convert DC power into AC power.
How does it work?
When the sun shines onto the solar cell, electrons are forced from the positive bottom layer of the cell, through the P-N junction to the negative top layer at the top of the cell and onto the lead tracks printed on the cell surface. As the photovoltaic cell goes through this electron flow, a voltage and a resulting current are created when placed in a closed circuit. The lead tracks on the solar cell carry the electrons to and from the cell.
Is solar electricity cost effective?
Photovoltaic is cost effective where the extension of utility lines from the major grid supplier is not an option or a new connection has to be supplied. If you are on utility (grid) power, then it is usually much cheaper than photovoltaic power at this stage. The real price of utility power is becoming more and more expensive due to consequences of sulphur emissions which cause acid rain, global warming, nuclear waste disposal, costs of fossil fuels, etc. Over the life span of a PV system, it is a cost effective option especially over the next 2, 5, 10 or 20 years.
What can we do with solar electricity?
Solar Electricity is best suited for lighting, electronic equipment (e.g.. TV's, video machines), motors and pumps. Solar Electricity is not recommended for heating appliances. Appliances such as kettles, toasters and microwaves can be used due to the short running times. Appliances like heaters and hot water cylinders are too energy consuming and thermal solar systems are recommended.
In conclusion
Domestic homes that have changed to PV power enjoy the same comfort and conveniences as ordinary homes simply by being more conscious of switching off loads not being used. The only difference for the home owner is the responsibilities of maintenance which provides increased independence and has proven to be a great source of satisfaction.
